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Essay about The Individual versus Society in the Scarlet...

The Individual vs. Society in the Scarlet Letter The society we live in today grants us a variety of freedoms. No one tells us how to think or what to believe in. We decide what clothes to wear, what to do on Sundays and our religion – with no law to persuade us. These permissive decisions would not be looked highly upon in stern Puritan Society. There is no sense of individualism in 1600s Salem because laws envelop every bit of human society. With all these severe rules in place, there are bound to be rebellious actions. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne addresses the theme of an individual’s struggle against society by implementing three symbols: the wild roses, the scarlet letter and Pearl. In the beginning of the novel, Hawthorne†¦show more content†¦Its lone purpose is to forever remind Hester and everyone else about her iniquity. The letter marks Hester as an exile in front of society, almost every word, action, and gesture society expresses to Hester implies that she is an outcast. The â€Å"A† on her bosom has made Hester a representation of woman’s frailty and sinful passion. It incites the Puritan Society to shun Hester and constantly insult her. Even when she sacrifices her time to be charitable towards the poor, they revile her and the ladies of Boston also treat Hester with hostility. Hawthorne explains the malicious situation towards Hester in this quotation, The poor, as we have already said, whom she sought out to be the objects of her bounty, often reviled the hand that was stretched forth to succour them. Dames of elevated rank, likewise †¦were accustomed to distil drops of bitterness into her heart, sometimes through that alchemy of quiet malice, by which women can concoct a subtle poison from ordinary trifles, and sometimes, also, by a coarser expression, that fell upon the sufferers defenceless breast like a rough blow upon an ulcerated wound. Years later, the symbol of the letter begins to change. Hester believes that the badge on her chest is her vocation to help society. She did everything she could to help, â€Å"Unfailing to every real demand, and inexhaustible by the largest† (Hawthorne 123). Because of her generous actions andShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne And John Proctor From The Crucible By Arthur Miller1585 Words   |  7 PagesIndividuality versus Society Since the beginning of society, people have battled over personal liberty and individual rights versus the duty of the government to regulate society. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Arthur Miller both wrote about these conflicts. Hester Prynne from The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and John Proctor from The Crucible by Arthur Miller shared the same attributes and feelings towards things that affected their reputations. Both characters from the novels lived in the PuritanRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Crucible And The Scarlet Letter1111 Words   |  5 Pagestheir beliefs are challenged? Most societies have a code of conduct, which sets certain behaviors meant to keep harmony. Those that question authority are perceived as dangerous and most often, end up being silenced. Opinions and ideas can cause doubts in a government, resulting in the loss of control and power over the people. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Crucible by Arthur Miller depict those same societal issues. The Scarlet Letter explains the consequences, that aRead MorePuritan Society In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1127 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne harshly criticizes Puritan society. From hypocrisy to forgiveness, Hawthorne uses hidden messages and motifs to express his criticism of society and to spread his messages. A social judgement explored by Hawthorne is that a majority perspective stifles individuality. Dimmesdale best exemplifies the social judgement presented in the novel. Puritanical society’s ideals suppress Dimmesdale’s desire to come out as a sinner because he has a status he isn’t willingRead MoreRomanticism in the Scarlet Letter Essay852 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially as found in natural scenes†. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an anti-transcendentalist and believed in the dark side of man, hence his dark romantic novel The Scarlet Letter. This allegorical novel depends heavily on symbol and character. The novel is chock full of symbolic dimension of images, characters, and descriptions. The Scarlet Letter defines the American Romanticist movement while using symbolic characters and places that give the book seemingly two different stories. The first story denotesRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scarlet Letter, is most often referred to as Nathaniel Hawthorne’s best work. It gives a detailed image of life in a Puritan society. The heroine of the book-Hester Prynne, defies power, and rebels against colonial rule. Laws composed of religious convictions and individual beliefs. Through Hester’s action, you can depict a feminist consciousness. She differs from traditional colonial woman who s sole purpose it to be obedient, despite the unfair rules carried out by puritan men. Hester representsRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is a well known novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The novel is composed and written in Salem and Concord, as well as Boston, Massachusetts in the late 1840s. The narrator of the novel is in an omniscent state, meaning he knows more about the characters than the characters know about themselves. Although the narrartor is omniscent, he also makes sure to include his ideas and opinions on situations, making him also greatly subjective. Being subjectiveRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Hester Prynne1058 Words   |  5 PagesAfter seven years the letter has become a part of who Hester is, but instead of letting it define her she treats it as a hurdle to overcome. She becomes a giver and compassionately shares herself with those who once scorned her. â€Å"Such helpfulness was found in her- so much power to do, and power to sympathise.. They said [the letter] meant Able; so strong was Hester Prynne, which a woman’s strength† (Hawthorne 151). The letter is not her identity anymore. She has changed the very meaning of her punishmentRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter Socratic Seminar Questions2549 Words   |  11 PagesQuestion 1: How does the novel reflect Puritan society? English Protestants created a large group of people in the 16th and 17th centuries called the Puritans. These people advocated strict religious discipline along with a strong beliefs and worshipping. The Scarlet Letter reflected on Puritan Society in several ways, from religion to discipline and punishment. Religion seemed to control everyone, the reverend was the person that everyone looked up to, and the community, as a whole, believed inRead More Romanticism in Scarlet Letter, Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown2077 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican Romanticism in The Scarlet Letter, The Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne took elements of the European romanticism and reshaped them into a new literary form that is called American Romanticism. The American Romanticists created a form that, at first glance, seems ancient and traditional; they borrowed from classical romance, adapted pastoral themes and incorporated Gothic elements (Reuben 22). Some of the definable elements of romanticismRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And Modern Relevance2079 Words   |  9 PagesThe Scarlet Letter and Modern Relevance Society has unintentionally been guided by the same themes since the beginning of time. The recurring themes that are present in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s classic The Scarlet Letter are still relevant in today’s society. When high school students and teachers claim that Hawthorne’s novel is archaic and should be removed from the curriculum, they are absolutely wrong. Hester Prynne, the main character of the novel, commits adultery and as punishment, has to wear

Apple vs. Nokia in Application Fayol’s Four Management Functions

Question: Discuss about the Apple vs. Nokia in Application Fayols Four Management Functions. Answer: Introduction In any business environment, firms are often seen strategizing on ways to keep ahead of their competitors, basically by enhancing market dominance among other techniques. This concern evokes the very concept of management, which is most definitely the core of any organizations strategies. In this context, this paper will explore the supremacy battle between the two technological giant companies, Nokia and Apple Inc., in which the paper will endeavor to elaborate how the implementation of Fayol's four functions have resulted in notable differences between the two firms. While Nokia is an old giant whose prowess in making smartphones was once irrefutable, the fact that Apple is now far much ahead of Nokia can be purely attributed to strategies in place over the last decade.[1] Technically speaking, in the last quarter of 2009, Apple made more sales out of hardware (smartphones) and software (Appstore purchase and subscriptions), revealing important lessons in the technology business ec osystem.[2] This paper will explicitly highlight the variations in planning, organizing, leading and controlling as in the Fayols model of management, citing possible reasons why the trend reversed in favor of its furious competitor Apple Inc. First and foremost, planning is the most fundamental aspect of progress, and therefore any vicious managerial team would take into account extensive measures to forecast the most suitable course of action. As much as Nokia, the earlier giant having crafted long-term objectivities of staying in the lead, Apple seemed to be more ambitious, from the way they designed their products to the way they embraced innovation. Bob, Brown, a technology enthusiast notes that Apple was about to launch a phone that nobody in the mobile world thought they had much of a chance. The company was just being too ambitious (p.26)[3]. Having noted that Nokia was selling half a billion phones a year before the iPhone, it seemed ridiculous enough for Apple to ever think of reversing the charts without proper planning. [4] While the biggest trick behind the huge success of Apple has been largely pointed to the uniqueness of its products, one cannot ignore the fact that the firm conducted a comprehensive resear ch which ultimately aided the customization of their next-generation technology gadgets. Thus, as much as it is unfit to claim that Nokia did not plan, most consumers widely admit that the latter did not forge sustainable plans including advancing technology and changing customer preferences in both hardware and software.[5] Lastly, Apple is credited for taking consideration of both local and international markets, while Nokia majorly focused on local consumption, which directly translated to wide acceptability and consumer loyalty of the formers merchandise.[6] Conclusively, the rapid advances in Apple products and eventual superiority over the fairly rigid Nokia's masterpiece demonstrate the need for proper planning for businesses. Most importantly, the planning must as well take consideration of competitors and dynamics in the trade. Secondly, leadership, which is loosely defined in terms of quality management and effective planning by the people in authority is as well a vital factor in any organization. In another perspective yet, leadership in terms of market share indicates that both Nokia and Apple have been at the top of the pinnacle of tech products sales.[7] Before Apple overtook Nokia as the maker of the leading smartphone in September 2011, Nokia had been an uncompromised genius for good running years. Taking a keener look into the leadership of Nokia, we see quite a number of flaws that badly ruined the firms performance and lack of vision. Unlike Tim Cook, whose tenure at Apple since Jobs left has been all through inspirational and client-centered, Stephen Elops ill-fated leadership has landed Nokia in bad terms.[8] Any organization that intends to remain steadfast in its place in the market and would first install a cutting-edge management, which runs from the chief executive officer all the way thro ugh all ranks to marketers and public relations departments. As it is widely contested, Elop was inexperienced to make the firm's ends meet, and amid the pressure of competition from Apple, he made the most desperate moves which dragged the company further down.[9] As a sober team leader, Elop could have put to end the galloping brain drain at Nokia in mid-2000s, affected marketing and beefed up the organizational structure to accommodate for the fast leaning technological landscape that largely crippled the firm. In addition, having made the first smartphone before Apple had it on its table, Nokias downfall is unforgivable. Thus, we can attribute the success of Apple over Nokia to the difference in leadership, with the two chief executives of each firm both accountable for the fall and rise respectively. As well, apart from planning and leadership, the organizational structure of a firm plays a central role in its endeavors to succeed. That is why the contrast between Apple and Nokia can be substantially accountable for the differences in their performance especially in the last one decade, where competition has been stiffest. Sadly, Nokia lacks a heart for innovation, and this begins right at the top management.[10] On the contrary, innovation is the culture of Apple's management team. Secondly, corporate management at Apple is designed in a way to allow for easy flow of information, and thus there is no chance for dotted lines of lack of understanding. Just like Steve job's management way back before 2011, the culture of simplicity and well-defined hierarchies have always aided apple to stay afloat.[11] The culture is as well evident from the way the manufacturer releases an item at a time, unlike Nokia whose diversity has been more of a liability than a strength. As much as Nokia' s management is not as much far from Apple in terms of decision-making, it is notable to say that while Steve Jobs was the CEO, he took most crucial decisions by himself and few consultants. Despite being a little risky, it can, however, be advantageous, unlike Nokia's way which calls for broad discussions before reaching finalities. As well, Nokia's command chain has previously exhibited various hitches to fluidity, hindering the process of decision-making which then directly affects productivity.[12] All said and done, Apple's simplicity in its organizational structure has recently placed it a step ahead of Nokia. Lastly, it would be incomplete to consider management minus considering control as a key factor. Being one of the primary functions of management, it hugely involves setting performance standards, measuring performance and consequentially taking corrective measures in a bid to affirm the organizations position in the market. Going straight to the Nokia-Apple duel, the two firms have both effected measures of control in the tech markets. For instance, in 2013, Nokia acquired the Microsoft handset division in a bid to take full control of both software and hardware.[13] Similarly, apple, having previously producing software and hardware solely, insistently refuted attempts to lease the software development to a third party. Far from sales, Apple is well known for keeping a keen eye on the media, always working to have its reputation sparkling (Mac-rumors). With the latest developments in social media, the company is much concerned with the issues raised, and any client will always test ify that it responds aptly to the concerns. This way, it has led the way, with Nokia having ignored that in the first place realizing the niche. In so doing, Apple has achieved better control of users than its competitors. As well, iPhones mp3 players seem to be more interactive than Nokias, enhancing usability and thus likeability.[14] Through similar ways, the tech firm has found its way through Nokias markets. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be drawn that Apple has flaunted Nokia following its keen interest in the four basics of managing practices. Thus it plans, organizes, leads and thus controls more effectively. For instance, Apple has been on the forefront of planning and making sustainable strategies, which has resulted in a double score. On the other hand, Nokia has been more reserved and consequently trailed by the fast-changing environments. Thus, any firm wishing to break the glass ceiling would first take consideration of the four entities of management. Additionally, just like in the above context, any firm in the lead must be able to make well-thought and dynamic strategies that can aid it to survive an onslaught by a younger entrant. Bibliography 9To5Mac. Apple's Rise and Nokia's Fall Highlight Platform Strategy Essentials." Last modified 6:28 am Jul 21st, 2011. https://9to5mac.com/2011/07/21/its-official-apple-beats-nokia-and-becomes-the-worlds-leading-smartphone-maker/ Adam, Harntung. Get Rich, not Lost - Change your planning - Apple, Google v Nokia, Samsung, RIM, Microsoft in Smartphones. Forbes. Last updated 05:27 Nov 23, 2010. https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2010/11/23/get-rich-not-lost-change-your-planning-apple-google-v-nokia-samsung-rim-microsoft-in-smartphones/#4e669bbc3beb Bob, brown. "Apple's management team: Before after Steve Jobs left." Network World. No. 14 (2013). 23-28. Haydn, Shaughnessy. "Apple's Rise and Nokia's Fall Highlight Platform Strategy Essentials." Forbes. No. 28. (2013). 24-33. IBS Case Study Development Centre. List of case studies on strategy 1. No.1. (2011) 9-11. Jonathan, Bean. "Bye bye Nokia A failure of management over leadership." Jonobean. Last modified Nov 12th, 2014. https://jonobean.com/2014/11/12/bye-bye-nokia-a-failure-of-management-over-leadership/ Juli, Clover. "Inside Apple's PR Practices, From Media Control to Attitude Shift under Tim Cook." Macrumours. No. 8 (2014). 4-5. Patel, Nilay. Nokia vs. Apple: The In-depth Analysis. EnGadget. No.5 (2010). 38-55. Research Matic. Organizational Culture of Apple and Nokia. No. 5 (2012). 18-29. STL Partners. Apple vs. Nokia: Strategic Lessons from the Smartphone / Appstore Wars In Growing Digital and Telco 2.0. London Penguin, 2011.